Networks of free-living nematodes and co-extracted fungi, associated with symptoms of apple replant disease

Apple replant disease affects tree nurseries and apple production globally. After repeated planting in the same soil, roots show accumulation of phytoalexins, stunting, blackening. Recently, we showed that nematodes extracted from replanted soil co-extracted microbes triggered these symptoms, while pathogens or plant-parasitic could not explain early development. To identify nematode-microbe complexes coincide with disease, rootstocks were grown greenhouse soils five sites for eight weeks. Nematodes by floatation pots stunted normal plant growth, washed on a 20-?m sieve, used DNA extraction. Nematode communities fungi bacteria analyzed high-throughput sequencing amplified ribosomal fragments. The experiment was next year. Regardless type year, nematode fungal significantly differed between differential growth. Bacteria associated growth depression. Plant-parasitic abundant numbers observed root damage. Free-living Prsimatolaimus, Acrobeles, Tylencholaimus, Acrobeloides, Aphelenchus , Exophiala, Hohenbuehelia Naganishia, Psathyrella, unidentified members Orbiliales, Helotiales, Rhytismataceae correlated reduced Isolating investigating such will give chance to understand external biotic stress design mitigation measures. • plants severe symptoms diverse community structure Fungi also but